PE/Cyanine7 Rabbit anti-Human PD-L1/CD274 mAb for Flow Cytometry - Q9NZQ7

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: PD-L1/CD274 Function and Localization

• PD-L1 (Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1), also known as B7-H1, is a type I transmembrane protein and member of the B7 family of immune regulatory ligands.
• Serves as a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PD-1 (PDCD1), playing a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance by modulating T-cell activation thresholds and limiting effector responses. Related references: PMID:11015443 PMID:28813410 PMID:28813417
• May also costimulate T-cell subsets that produce IL-10 through an unidentified activating receptor. Related references: PMID:10581077
• In tumors, the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector function, contributing to immune evasion; blocking this pathway can reverse T-cell exhaustion and normalize anti-tumor responses. Related references: PMID:28813410 PMID:28813417
• In response to hypoxia, PD-L1 translocates to the nucleus and acts as a transcription coactivator to promote GSDMC transcription, leading to pyroptosis. Related references: PMID:32929201
• Subcellular localization includes the cell membrane, early and recycling endosome membranes, nucleus, and can also be secreted.
• Widely expressed across tissues, with high levels in the heart, skeletal muscle, placenta, and lung; also present on activated T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and monocytes.
• Post-translational modifications include glycosylation, disulfide bonds, and ubiquitination; the protein features immunoglobulin-like domains and a transmembrane helix.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen covers amino acids 1–290 of human PD-L1, containing the extracellular domain; this design supports recognition of the native conformation on live cells.
• For flow cytometry, consider using Fc receptor blocking reagents and appropriate isotype controls to minimize non-specific binding.
• Optimize antibody titration for your cell type and instrument; typical starting concentrations range from 0.5–5 µg/mL.
• Validate the antibody in your relevant sample system, such as activated immune cells or tumor cell lines, and include viability dyes to exclude dead cells.
• Due to PD-L1 internalization and recycling, gentle cell handling and short incubation times at 4°C can help preserve surface staining.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio connects diagnostic manufacturers and research labs with high-quality IVD raw materials, including validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies, and bulk ancillary reagents. With this PD-L1 antibody, researchers can access a reliable reagent for immune checkpoint studies and assay development. CamelBio’s integrated sourcing platform also supports rare target procurement and technical consulting, streamlining your journey from concept to clinic.